This review asks to what degree Walter Brueggemann locates biblical interpretation within homiletics, particularly where homiletics is defined as a ‘productive science’ – the goal of which is to make or create something. The silence in his daughter Anna’s history, the Alexiad, and his (or his son John’s) poem the Mousai can be explained by th. The reconquest began with John Doukas’s expedition to the islands in 1092, received a setback with the cooling of Byzantine-crusader relations after Antioch in 1098-89, and was seriously hampered by Bohemond’s invasion of Albania in 1107, though Alexios continued to plan a counterattack until his death. This last group suggests that bishops may have been in place in Semnea and Side at the time of writing. That there was an attempt at such a reconquest however is clear from three groups of letters by Theophylact of Ochrid, relating to the Aegean islands (expedition of John Doukas), Pontos (expedition of Gregory Taronites), and the hinterland of Attaleia. The reconquest of Anatolia by Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118) has been ignored by recent scholars it was not emphasised by narrative and panegyric sources close to the emperor, and the epigraphic and archaeological evidence is sparse. The direct evidence offers a way out of the impasse into which crusade history has fallen, and any attempt at determining the origin and nature of crusading without the support of the direct evidence is doomed to failure. This article makes a radical departure from contemporary scholarship on the early crusading enterprise because it is based on the direct evidence from Islamic and Christian sources. The Islamic view of the crusades is in fact the enantiomorph (mirror-image) of the Christian view of the crusades. And both interpretations contend that by the end of the eleventh century the crusading enterprise was Mediterranean-wide in its scope. Both interpretations point to the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily (1060–91) as the start of the crusades. Both interpretations place the onset of the crusades ahead of their accepted historical debut in 1095. The self-view of the crusades presented by contemporary Muslim authors and the self-view of the crusades presented by crusading popes are not in opposition to each other but are in agreement with each other. Yet the direct evidence from Islamic and Christian sources indicates otherwise. The image of warfare between Islam and Christendom has promoted the idea that the combative instincts aroused by this conflict somehow produced discordant views of the crusades. With over 100 photographs, line drawings and maps, this impressive collection of essays is a key resource for students and scholars alike.Ĭonventional wisdom maintains that the Islamic world and western Christendom held two very different views of the crusades. Arranged into eight thematic sections, The Crusader World considers many central issues as well as a large number of less familiar topics of the crusades, crusader society, history and culture. The relationship between crusaders and Muslims, two distinct and in many way opposing cultures, is also examined in depth, including a discussion of how the Franks perceived their enemies. This volume enriches present knowledge of the crusades, addressing such wide-ranging subjects as: intelligence and espionage, gender issues, religious celebrations in crusader Jerusalem, political struggles in crusader Antioch, the archaeological study of battle sites and fortifications, diseases suffered by the crusaders, crusading in northern Europe and Spain and the impact of crusader art. This authoritative work will play an important role in the future direction of crusading studies. In this volume Adrian Boas draws together an impressive range of academics, including work from renowned scholars as well as a number of thought-provoking pieces from emerging researchers, in order to provide broad coverage of the major aspects of the period. The Crusader World is a multidisciplinary survey of the current state of research in the field of crusader studies, an area of study which has become increasingly popular in recent years.
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